/** Includes */
#define _DEFAULT_SOURCE
#define _BSD_SOURCE
#define _GNU_SOURCE

#include <ctype.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <termios.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>

/** defines */
#define TTED_VERSION "0.0.1"
#define TTED_TAB_STOP 8
#define TTED_QUIT_TIMES 3
#define CTRL_KEY(k) ((k) & 0x1f)

enum editorKey {
    BACKSPACE = 127,
    ARROW_LEFT = 1000,
    ARROW_RIGHT,
    ARROW_UP,
    ARROW_DOWN,
    DEL_KEY,
    HOME_KEY,
    END_KEY,
    PAGE_UP,
    PAGE_DOWN
};


/** data */
typedef struct erow {
    int size;
    int rsize;
    char *chars;
    char *render;
} erow;

struct editorConfig {
    int cx, cy;
    int rx;
    int rowoff;
    int coloff;
    int screenrows;
    int screencols;
    int numrows;
    erow *row;
    int dirty;
    char *filename;
    char statusmsg[80];
    time_t statusmsg_time;
    struct termios orig_termios;
};
struct editorConfig E;

/** prototypes */
void editorSetStatusMessage(const char *fmt, ...);
void editorRefreshScreen();

/** terminal */
void die(const char *s) {
    write(STDOUT_FILENO, "\x1b[2J", 4);
    write(STDOUT_FILENO, "\x1b[H", 3);

    perror(s);
    exit(1);
}

void disableRawMode() {
    if (tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSAFLUSH, &E.orig_termios) == -1) {
        die("tcsetattr");
    }
}

void enableRawMode() {
    if (tcgetattr(STDIN_FILENO, &E.orig_termios) == -1) die("tcgetattr");

    atexit(disableRawMode);

    struct termios raw = E.orig_termios;
    raw.c_iflag &= ~(BRKINT | ICRNL | INPCK | ISTRIP | IXON);
    raw.c_oflag &= ~(OPOST);
    raw.c_cflag |= (CS8);
    raw.c_lflag &= ~(ECHO | ICANON | IEXTEN | ISIG);
    raw.c_cc[VMIN] = 0;
    raw.c_cc[VTIME] = 1;
    if (tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSAFLUSH, &raw) == -1) die("tcsetattr");
}

int editorReadKey() {
    int nread;
    char c;
    while ((nread = read(STDIN_FILENO, &c, 1)) != 1) {
        if (nread == -1 && errno != EAGAIN) die("read");
    }

    if (c == '\x1b') {
        char seq[3];
        if (read(STDIN_FILENO, &seq[0], 1) != 1) return '\x1b';
        if (read(STDIN_FILENO, &seq[1], 1) != 1) return '\x1b';
        if (seq[0] == '[') {
            if (seq[1] >= '0' && seq[1] <= '9') {
                if (read(STDIN_FILENO, &seq[2], 1) != 1) return '\x1b';
                if (seq[2] == '~') {
                    switch (seq[1]) {
                        case '1':
                            return HOME_KEY;
                        case '3':
                            return DEL_KEY;
                        case '4':
                            return END_KEY;
                        case '5':
                            return PAGE_UP;
                        case '6':
                            return PAGE_DOWN;
                        case '7':
                            return HOME_KEY;
                        case '8':
                            return END_KEY;
                    }
                }
            } else {
                switch (seq[1]) {
                    case 'A':
                        return ARROW_UP;
                    case 'B':
                        return ARROW_DOWN;
                    case 'C':
                        return ARROW_RIGHT;
                    case 'D':
                        return ARROW_LEFT;
                    case 'H':
                        return HOME_KEY;
                    case 'F':
                        return END_KEY;
                }
            }
        } else if (seq[0] == 'O') {
            switch (seq[1]) {
                case 'H':
                    return HOME_KEY;
                case 'F':
                    return END_KEY;
            }
        }
        return '\x1b';
    } else {
        return c;
    }
}

int getCursorPosition(int *rows, int *cols) {
    char buf[32];
    unsigned int i = 0;
    if (write(STDOUT_FILENO, "\x1b[6n", 4) != 4) return -1;

    while (i < sizeof(buf) - 1) {
        if (read(STDIN_FILENO, &buf[i], 1) != 1) break;
        if (buf[i] == 'R') break;
        i++;
    }
    buf[i] = '\0'; //assign null to final byte
    if (buf[0] != '\x1b' || buf[1] != '[') return -1;
    if (sscanf(&buf[2], "%d;%d", rows, cols) != 2) return -1;
    return 0;
}

int getWindowSize(int *rows, int *cols) {
    struct winsize ws;
    if (ioctl(STDOUT_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) == -1 || ws.ws_col == 0) {
        if (write(STDOUT_FILENO, "\x1b[999C\x1b[999B", 12) != 12) return -1;
        return getCursorPosition(rows, cols);
    } else {
        *cols = ws.ws_col;
        *rows = ws.ws_row;
        return 0;
    }
}

/** Row operations */
int editorRowCxToRx(erow *row, int cx) {
    int rx = 0;
    int j;
    for (j = 0; j < cx; j++) {
        if (row->chars[j] == '\t') {
            rx += (TTED_TAB_STOP - 1) - (rx % TTED_TAB_STOP);
        }
        rx++;
    }
    return rx;
}

void editorUpdateRow(erow *row) {
    int tabs = 0;
    int j;
    for (j = 0; j < row->size; j++) {
        if (row->chars[j] == '\t') {
            tabs++;
        }
    }

    free(row->render);
    row->render = malloc(row->size + tabs * (TTED_TAB_STOP - 1) + 1);

    int idx = 0;
    for (j = 0; j < row->size; j++) {
        if (row->chars[j] == '\t') {
            row->render[idx++] = ' ';
            while (idx % TTED_TAB_STOP != 0) row->render[idx++] = ' ';
        } else {
            row->render[idx++] = row->chars[j];
        }
    }
    row->render[idx] = '\0';
    row->rsize = idx;
}


void editorInsertRow(int at, char *s, size_t len) {
    if (at < 0 || at > E.numrows) return;
    E.row = realloc(E.row, sizeof(erow) * (E.numrows + 1));
    memmove(&E.row[at +1], &E.row[at], sizeof(erow) * (E.numrows-at));

    E.row[at].size = len;
    E.row[at].chars = malloc(len + 1);
    memcpy(E.row[at].chars, s, len);
    E.row[at].chars[len] = '\0';
    E.row[at].rsize = 0;
    E.row[at].render = NULL;
    editorUpdateRow(&E.row[at]);
    E.numrows++;
    E.dirty++;
}

void editorFreeRow(erow *row) {
    free(row->render);
    free(row->chars);
}

void editorDelRow(int at) {
    if (at < 0 || at >= E.numrows) return;

    editorFreeRow(&E.row[at]);
    memmove(&E.row[at], &E.row[at + 1], sizeof(erow) * (E.numrows - at - 1));
    E.numrows--;
    E.dirty++;
}

void editorRowInsertChar(erow *row, int at, int c) {
    if (at < 0 || at > row->size) at = row->size;
    row->chars = realloc(row->chars, row->size + 2);
    memmove(&row->chars[at + 1], &row->chars[at], row->size - at + 1);
    row->size++;
    row->chars[at] = c;
    editorUpdateRow(row);
    E.dirty++;
}

void editorRowAppendString(erow *row, char *s, size_t len) {
    row->chars = realloc(row->chars, row->size + len + 1);
    memcpy(&row->chars[row->size], s, len);
    row->size += len;
    row->chars[row->size] = '\0';
    editorUpdateRow(row);
    E.dirty++;
}

void editorRowDelChar(erow *row, int at) {
    if (at < 0 || at >= row->size) return;
    memmove(&row->chars[at], &row->chars[at + 1], row->size - at);
    row->size--;
    editorUpdateRow(row);
    E.dirty++;
}

/** Editor Operatons */
void editorInsertChar(int c) {
    if (E.cy == E.numrows) {
        editorInsertRow(E.numrows, "", 0);
    }
    editorRowInsertChar(&E.row[E.cy], E.cx, c);
    E.cx++;
}

void editorInsertNewLine() {
    if (E.cx == 0) {
        editorInsertRow(E.cy, "", 0);
    } else {
        erow *row = &E.row[E.cy];
        editorInsertRow(E.cy+1, &row->chars[E.cx], row->size - E.cx);
        row = &E.row[E.cy];
        row->size = E.cx;
        row->chars[row->size] = '\0';
        editorUpdateRow(row);
    }
    E.cy++;
    E.cx=0;
}

void editorDelChar() {
    if (E.cy == E.numrows) return;
    if (E.cx == 0 && E.cy == 0) return;

    erow *row = &E.row[E.cy];
    if (E.cx > 0) {
        editorRowDelChar(row, E.cx - 1);
        E.cx--;
    } else {
        E.cx = E.row[E.cy - 1].size;
        editorRowAppendString(&E.row[E.cy - 1], row->chars, row->size);
        editorDelRow(E.cy);
        E.cy--;
    }
}

/** file i/o */

char *editorRowsToString(int *buflen) {
    int totlen = 0;
    int j;
    for (j = 0; j < E.numrows; j++) {
        totlen += E.row[j].size + 1;
    }
    *buflen = totlen;

    char *buf = malloc(totlen);
    char *p = buf;
    for (j = 0; j < E.numrows; j++) {
        memcpy(p, E.row[j].chars, E.row[j].size);
        p += E.row[j].size;
        *p = '\n';
        p++;
    }

    return buf;
}

void editorSave() {
    if (E.filename == NULL) return;

    int len;
    char *buf = editorRowsToString(&len);

    int fd = open(E.filename, O_RDWR | O_CREAT, 0644);
    if (fd != -1) {
        if (ftruncate(fd, len) != -1) {
            if (write(fd, buf, len) == len) {
                close(fd);
                free(buf);
                E.dirty = 0;
                editorSetStatusMessage("%d bytes written to disk", len);
                return;
            }
        }
        close(fd);
    }
    free(buf);
}


void editorOpen(char *filename) {
    free(E.filename);
    E.filename = strdup(filename);
    FILE *fp = fopen(filename, "r");
    if (!fp) die("fopen");

    char *line = NULL;
    size_t linecap = 0;
    ssize_t linelen;
    while ((linelen = getline(&line, &linecap, fp)) != -1) {
        while (linelen > 0 && (line[linelen - 1] == '\n' ||
                               line[linelen - 1] == '\r'))
            linelen--;
        editorInsertRow(E.numrows, line, linelen);
    }
    free(line);
    fclose(fp);
    E.dirty = 0;

}


/** append buffer */
struct abuf {
    char *b;
    int len;
};
#define ABUF_INIT {NULL, 0}

void abAppend(struct abuf *ab, const char *s, int len) {
    char *new = realloc(ab->b, ab->len + len);

    if (new == NULL) return;
    memcpy(&new[ab->len], s, len);
    ab->b = new;
    ab->len += len;
}

void abFree(struct abuf *ab) {
    free(ab->b);
}


/** output */
void editorScroll() {
    E.rx = 0;
    if (E.cy < E.numrows) {
        E.rx = editorRowCxToRx(&E.row[E.cy], E.cx);
    }


    if (E.cy < E.rowoff) {
        E.rowoff = E.cy;
    }
    if (E.cy >= E.rowoff + E.screenrows) {
        E.rowoff = E.cy - E.screenrows + 1;
    }
    if (E.rx < E.coloff) {
        E.coloff = E.rx;
    }
    if (E.rx >= E.coloff + E.screencols) {
        E.coloff = E.rx - E.screencols + 1;
    }
}

void editorDrawRows(struct abuf *ab) {
    int y;
    for (y = 0; y < E.screenrows; y++) {
        int filerow = y + E.rowoff;
        if (filerow >= E.numrows) { // Draw rows after buffer
            if (E.numrows == 0 && y == E.screenrows / 3) {
                char welcome[80];
                int welcomelen = snprintf(welcome, sizeof welcome, "Tyrel Text Editor Deluxe -- version %s",
                                          TTED_VERSION);
                int padding = (E.screencols - welcomelen) / 2;
                if (padding) {
                    abAppend(ab, "~", 1);
                    padding--;
                }
                while (padding--) abAppend(ab, " ", 1);
                if (welcomelen > E.screencols) welcomelen = E.screencols;
                abAppend(ab, welcome, welcomelen);
            } else {
                abAppend(ab, "~", 1);
            }
        } else { // draw buffer
            int len = E.row[filerow].rsize - E.coloff;
            if (len < 0) len = 0;
            if (len > E.screencols) len = E.screencols; // truncate if further than columns
            abAppend(ab, &E.row[filerow].render[E.coloff], len);
        }

        abAppend(ab, "\x1b[K", 3);
        abAppend(ab, "\r\n", 2);
    }
}

void editorDrawStatusBar(struct abuf *ab) {
    abAppend(ab, "\x1b[7m", 4);
    char status[80], rstatus[80];
    int len = snprintf(status, sizeof(status), "%.20s - %d lines %s",
                       E.filename ? E.filename : "[No Name]", E.numrows,
                       E.dirty ? "(modified)" : "");
    int rlen = snprintf(rstatus, sizeof(rstatus), "%d/%d", E.cy + 1, E.numrows);
    if (len > E.screencols) len = E.screencols;
    abAppend(ab, status, len);
    while (len < E.screencols) {
        if (E.screencols - len == rlen) {
            abAppend(ab, rstatus, rlen);
            break;
        } else {
            abAppend(ab, " ", 1);
            len++;
        }
    }

    abAppend(ab, "\x1b[m", 3);
    abAppend(ab, "\r\n", 2);
}

void editorDrawMessageBar(struct abuf *ab) {
    abAppend(ab, "\x1b[K", 3);
    int msglen = strlen(E.statusmsg);
    if (msglen > E.screencols) msglen = E.screencols;
    if (msglen && time(NULL) - E.statusmsg_time < 5) {
        abAppend(ab, E.statusmsg, msglen);
    }
}


void editorRefreshScreen() {
    editorScroll();

    struct abuf ab = ABUF_INIT;
    abAppend(&ab, "\x1b[?25l", 6);
    abAppend(&ab, "\x1b[H", 3); // Cursor Position home
    editorDrawRows(&ab);
    editorDrawStatusBar(&ab);
    editorDrawMessageBar(&ab);

    char buf[32];
    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "\x1b[%d;%dH", (E.cy - E.rowoff) + 1, (E.rx - E.coloff) + 1);
    abAppend(&ab, buf, strlen(buf));
    abAppend(&ab, "\x1b[?25h", 6);

    write(STDOUT_FILENO, ab.b, ab.len);
    abFree(&ab);
}

void editorSetStatusMessage(const char *fmt, ...) {
    va_list ap;
    va_start(ap, fmt);
    vsnprintf(E.statusmsg, sizeof(E.statusmsg), fmt, ap);
    va_end(ap);
    E.statusmsg_time = time(NULL);
}


/** input */
char *editorPrompt(char *prompt){
    size_t bufsize = 128;
    char *buf = malloc(bufsize);

    size_t buflen = 0;
    buf[0] = '\0';

    while(1){
        editorSetStatusMessage(prompt, buf);
        editorRefreshScreen();
        int c = editorReadKey();
        if (c == '\r') {
            if (buflen != 0){
                editorSetStatusMessage("");
                return buf;
            }
        } else if (!iscntrl(c) && c < 128){
            if(buflen==bufsize-1){
                bufsize *=2;
                buf = realloc(buf, bufsize);
            }
            buf[buflen++] = c;
            buf[buflen] = '\0';
        }
        break;
    }
}

void editorMoveCursor(int key) {
    erow *row = (E.cy >= E.numrows) ? NULL : &E.row[E.cy];

    switch (key) {
        case ARROW_LEFT:
            if (E.cx != 0) {
                E.cx--;
            } else if (E.cy > 0) {
                E.cy--;
                E.cx = E.row[E.cy].size;
            }
            break;
        case ARROW_RIGHT:
            if (row && E.cx < row->size) {
                E.cx++;
            } else if (row && E.cx == row->size) {
                E.cy++;
                E.cx = 0;
            }
            break;
        case ARROW_UP:
            if (E.cy != 0) {
                E.cy--;
            }
            break;
        case ARROW_DOWN:
            if (E.cy != E.numrows) {
                E.cy++;
            }
            break;
    }

    // Snap cursor
    row = (E.cy >= E.numrows) ? NULL : &E.row[E.cy];
    int rowlen = row ? row->size : 0;
    if (E.cx > rowlen) {
        E.cx = rowlen;
    }
}

void editorProcessKeypress() {
    static int quit_times = TTED_QUIT_TIMES;

    int c = editorReadKey();
    switch (c) {
        case '\r':
            editorInsertNewLine();
            break;
        case CTRL_KEY('q'):
            if (E.dirty && quit_times > 0) {
                editorSetStatusMessage("WARNING!!! File has unsaved changes. "
                                       "Press Ctrl-Q %d more times to quit.", quit_times);
                quit_times--;
                return;
            }

            write(STDOUT_FILENO, "\x1b[2J", 4);
            write(STDOUT_FILENO, "\x1b[H", 3);
            exit(0);
            break;
        case CTRL_KEY('s'):
            editorSave();
            break;

        case HOME_KEY:
            E.cx = 0;
            break;

        case END_KEY:
            if (E.cy < E.numrows) {
                E.cx = E.row[E.cy].size;
            }
            break;

        case BACKSPACE:
        case CTRL_KEY('h'):
        case DEL_KEY:
            if (c == DEL_KEY) editorMoveCursor(ARROW_RIGHT);
            editorDelChar();
            break;

        case PAGE_UP:
        case PAGE_DOWN: {
            if (c == PAGE_UP) {
                E.cy = E.rowoff;
            } else if (c == PAGE_DOWN) {
                E.cy = E.rowoff + E.screenrows - 1;
                if (E.cy > E.numrows) {
                    E.cy = E.numrows;
                }
            }
            int times = E.screenrows;
            while (times--)
                editorMoveCursor(c == PAGE_UP ? ARROW_UP : ARROW_DOWN);
        }
            break;
        case ARROW_UP:
        case ARROW_DOWN:
        case ARROW_LEFT:
        case ARROW_RIGHT:
            editorMoveCursor(c);
            break;
        case CTRL_KEY('l'):
        case '\x1b':
            break;

        default:
            editorInsertChar(c);
            break;
    }

    quit_times = TTED_QUIT_TIMES;
}

/** init */
void initEditor() {
    E.cx = 0;
    E.cy = 0;
    E.rx = 0;
    E.rowoff = 0;
    E.coloff = 0;
    E.numrows = 0;
    E.row = NULL;
    E.dirty = 0;
    E.filename = NULL;
    E.statusmsg[0] = '\0';
    E.statusmsg_time = 0;

    if (getWindowSize(&E.screenrows, &E.screencols) == -1) die("getWindowSize");
    E.screenrows -= 2;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    enableRawMode();
    initEditor();
    if (argc >= 2) {
        editorOpen(argv[1]);
    }

    editorSetStatusMessage("HELP: Ctrl-Q = quit; Ctrl-S = save;");

    while (1) {
        editorRefreshScreen();
        editorProcessKeypress();
    }
    return 0;
}