backface culling

src/main.c

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 
 triangle_t* triangles_to_render = NULL;
 
-vec3_t camera_position = {0, 0, -5};
+vec3_t camera_position = {0, 0, 0};
 float fov_factor = 640;
 bool is_running = false;
 uint32_t previous_frame_time = 0;
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ void setup(void) {
     );
 
     // load cube vertices into mesh data
-//    load_obj_file_data("../assets/cube.obj");
-    load_obj_file_data("../assets/teapot.obj");
+    load_obj_file_data("../assets/cube.obj");
+//    load_obj_file_data("../assets/teapot.obj");
 //    load_cube_mesh_data();
 }
 
@@ -65,6 +65,30 @@ vec2_t project(vec3_t point) {
     return projected_point;
 }
 
+float check_backface_culling(const vec3_t *transformed_vertices) {// Check backface culling
+    vec3_t vector_a = transformed_vertices[0]; /*    A   */
+    vec3_t vector_b = transformed_vertices[1]; /*  /  \  */
+    vec3_t vector_c = transformed_vertices[2]; /* C----B */
+
+    // Get vector subtraction of B-A and C-A
+    vec3_t vector_ab = vec3_sub(vector_b, vector_a);
+    vec3_t vector_ac = vec3_sub(vector_c, vector_a);
+
+    // Get cross product to get the Normal N (to find perpendicular)
+    // This is because left-handed coordinate system
+    vec3_t normal = vec3_cross(vector_ab, vector_ac); // CLOCKWISE so A-B then A-C
+
+    // normalize the Face Normal
+    vec3_normalize(&normal);
+
+    // Find vector between a point in the triangle and the camera origin
+    vec3_t camera_ray = vec3_sub(camera_position, vector_a);
+
+    //calculate how aligned the face is
+    float dot_normal_camera = vec3_dot(normal, camera_ray);
+    return dot_normal_camera;
+}
+
 void update(void) {
     // lock execution to the next tick
     uint32_t time_to_wait = FRAME_TARGET_TIME - (SDL_GetTicks() - previous_frame_time);
@@ -78,29 +102,41 @@ void update(void) {
 
     mesh.rotation.x += .01f;
     mesh.rotation.y += .01f;
-    mesh.rotation.z += .02f;
+    mesh.rotation.z += .01f;
 
     int num_faces = array_length(mesh.faces);
-    for (int i = 0; i < num_faces; i++) {
-        face_t mesh_face = mesh.faces[i];
+    for (int f = 0; f < num_faces; f++) { // each face
+        face_t mesh_face = mesh.faces[f];
         vec3_t face_vertices[3];
         face_vertices[0] = mesh.vertices[mesh_face.a - 1];
         face_vertices[1] = mesh.vertices[mesh_face.b - 1];
         face_vertices[2] = mesh.vertices[mesh_face.c - 1];
         //loop all three vertices
-        triangle_t projected_triangle;
-        for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
-            vec3_t transformed_vertex = face_vertices[j];
+
+        vec3_t transformed_vertices[3];
+
+        for (int v = 0; v < 3; v++) { // each vertex
+            vec3_t transformed_vertex = face_vertices[v];
             transformed_vertex = vec3_rotate_y(transformed_vertex, mesh.rotation.y);
             transformed_vertex = vec3_rotate_x(transformed_vertex, mesh.rotation.x);
             transformed_vertex = vec3_rotate_z(transformed_vertex, mesh.rotation.z);
-            transformed_vertex.z -= camera_position.z;
-            vec2_t projected_point = project(transformed_vertex);
+            transformed_vertex.z += 8;
+            transformed_vertices[v] = transformed_vertex;
+        }
+
+        if (check_backface_culling(transformed_vertices) < 0) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        triangle_t projected_triangle;
+        // loop all three vertices to perform projection
+        for (int v = 0; v < 3; v++) {
+            vec2_t projected_point = project(transformed_vertices[v]);
 
             projected_point.x += (window_width / 2);
             projected_point.y += (window_height / 2);
 
-            projected_triangle.points[j] = projected_point;
+            projected_triangle.points[v] = projected_point;
         }
         // save projected triangle in array of triangles to render
         array_push(triangles_to_render, projected_triangle);

src/vector.c

@@ -5,8 +5,9 @@
 /// Vec 2d
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 float vec2_length(vec2_t v) {
-    return sqrt(v.x * v.x + v.y *v.y);
+    return sqrt(v.x * v.x + v.y * v.y);
 }
+
 vec2_t vec2_add(vec2_t a, vec2_t b) {
     vec2_t result = {
             .x = a.x + b.x,
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ vec2_t vec2_add(vec2_t a, vec2_t b) {
     };
     return result;
 }
+
 vec2_t vec2_sub(vec2_t a, vec2_t b) {
     vec2_t result = {
             .x = a.x - b.x,
@@ -21,6 +23,7 @@ vec2_t vec2_sub(vec2_t a, vec2_t b) {
     };
     return result;
 }
+
 vec2_t vec2_mul(vec2_t a, float factor) {
     vec2_t result = {
             .x = a.x * factor,
@@ -28,7 +31,8 @@ vec2_t vec2_mul(vec2_t a, float factor) {
     };
     return result;
 }
-vec2_t vec2_div(vec2_t a, float factor){
+
+vec2_t vec2_div(vec2_t a, float factor) {
     vec2_t result = {
             .x = a.x / factor,
             .y = a.y / factor,
@@ -40,7 +44,7 @@ vec2_t vec2_div(vec2_t a, float factor){
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // Vec 3d
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-vec3_t vec3_rotate_x(vec3_t v, float angle){
+vec3_t vec3_rotate_x(vec3_t v, float angle) {
     vec3_t rotated_vector = {
             .x = v.x,
             .y = v.y * cos(angle) - v.z * sin(angle),
@@ -48,6 +52,7 @@ vec3_t vec3_rotate_x(vec3_t v, float angle){
     };
     return rotated_vector;
 }
+
 vec3_t vec3_rotate_y(vec3_t v, float angle) {
     vec3_t rotated_vector = {
             .x = v.x * cos(angle) - v.z * sin(angle),
@@ -56,6 +61,7 @@ vec3_t vec3_rotate_y(vec3_t v, float angle) {
     };
     return rotated_vector;
 }
+
 vec3_t vec3_rotate_z(vec3_t v, float angle) {
     vec3_t rotated_vector = {
             .x = v.x * cos(angle) - v.y * sin(angle),
@@ -64,8 +70,9 @@ vec3_t vec3_rotate_z(vec3_t v, float angle) {
     };
     return rotated_vector;
 }
+
 float vec3_length(vec3_t v) {
-    return sqrt(v.x * v.x + v.y *v.y + v.z *v.z);
+    return sqrt(v.x * v.x + v.y * v.y + v.z * v.z);
 }
 
 
@@ -95,7 +102,8 @@ vec3_t vec3_mul(vec3_t a, float factor) {
     };
     return result;
 }
-vec3_t vec3_div(vec3_t a, float factor){
+
+vec3_t vec3_div(vec3_t a, float factor) {
     vec3_t result = {
             .x = a.x / factor,
             .y = a.y / factor,
@@ -103,3 +111,34 @@ vec3_t vec3_div(vec3_t a, float factor){
     };
     return result;
 }
+
+vec3_t vec3_cross(vec3_t a, vec3_t b) {
+    vec3_t result = {
+            .x = a.y * b.z - a.z * b.y,
+            .y = a.z * b.x - a.x * b.z,
+            .z = a.x * b.y - a.y * b.x
+    };
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+float vec3_dot(vec3_t a, vec3_t b) {
+    return (a.x * b.x) + (a.y * b.y) + (a.z * b.z);
+}
+float vec2_dot(vec2_t a, vec2_t b) {
+    return (a.x * b.x) + (a.y * b.y);
+}
+
+
+void vec3_normalize(vec3_t *v) {
+    float length = sqrt((v->x * v->x) + (v->y * v->y) + (v->z * v->z));
+    v->x /= length;
+    v->y /= length;
+    v->z /= length;
+}
+
+void vec2_normalize(vec2_t *v) {
+    float length = sqrt((v->x * v->x) + (v->y * v->y));
+    v->x /= length;
+    v->y /= length;
+}

src/vector.h

@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@ vec2_t vec2_add(vec2_t a, vec2_t b);
 vec2_t vec2_sub(vec2_t a, vec2_t b);
 vec2_t vec2_mul(vec2_t a, float factor);
 vec2_t vec2_div(vec2_t a, float factor);
-
+float vec2_dot(vec2_t a, vec2_t b);
+void vec2_normalize(vec2_t *v);
 
 /////
 // Vec 3d
@@ -31,9 +32,10 @@ vec3_t vec3_add(vec3_t a, vec3_t b);
 vec3_t vec3_sub(vec3_t a, vec3_t b);
 vec3_t vec3_mul(vec3_t a, float factor);
 vec3_t vec3_div(vec3_t a, float factor);
+vec3_t vec3_cross(vec3_t a, vec3_t b);
+float vec3_dot(vec3_t a, vec3_t b);
 
-
-
-
+// Normalizing
+void vec3_normalize(vec3_t *v);
 
 #endif